2024新教材人教版六年级Unit 3 Healthy life培优拓展

Unit 3 Healthy life（健康生活）· 培优拓展

人教版 PEP（2024 审定）小学英语六年级上册适合：基础扎实、目标小升初的六年级尖子生

一、开篇导读

单元主题：Unit 3 Healthy life（健康生活）——疾病表达、健康生活方式与建议语篇。

核心能力目标 Tags：#疾病与感受表达#be going to表计划#should/need to提建议#语篇阅读#建议类书面表达#小升初高频考点

▍ 1. 小升初考纲要求

本单元是小升初必考生活话题之一。考纲要求能：- 用一般现在时描述身体状况与感受（How do you feel? I have a… / My…hurts）；- 用 be going to表达健康计划（就医、锻炼、作息安排）；- 用 should / shouldn't / need to给出合理建议；- 在语篇层面理解"健康问题—原因—建议"的逻辑链，并完成建议信 / 日记 / 健康短文等应用文写作。

▍ 2. 高频题型（小升初常考）

▍ 3. 易错点（加粗为高频失分点）

·sick 与 ill 的辨析：ill 一般只作表语（作定语要用 sick），这是小升初单选最爱考的坑；

·should 后必须接动词原形，不能与 to do 连用（You should to see a doctor ❌）；

·be going to 与 will 的混用，计划/打算用 be going to，临时决定用 will；

·a glass of 中 glass 用单数，但 two glasses of 要加 -es；

·stay up late 的 late 不可写成 lately（lately = 最近，副词，意思全错）。

▍ 4. 备考价值

本单元话题贴近生活、词汇复现率高、写作模板可直接套用于"健康/建议"类作文，是小升初性价比最高的提分单元之一。吃透本篇，单选、完形、阅读、写作四块都能拿分。

二、考点单词学习・应用・专项练习+答案

▍ （一）单词学习

▸ 1. 核心单词 + 同类词拓展

▸ 2. 易混词辨析（小升初必考）

① sick vs ill（都表"生病的"）- ill 只能作表语，不能放在名词前：He is ill.✅ 但 an ill boy❌（应说 a sick boy）。- sick 可作表语也可作定语：a sick boy✅ / He is sick.✅。- 考试口诀："前置用 sick，后置用 ill"。

② may vs can（情态动词）- may 表"可能性/推测"（也许）：You may feel better after a rest.（你休息后也许会好些。）- can 表"能力/许可"（能/可以）：I can call my friend.（我能给朋友打电话。）- 考试陷阱：问"许可"用 Can I…? / May I…?，表"推测"用 may，二者不可颠倒。

▸ 3. 小升初高频固定搭配

·have a bad cold（得重感冒）· have a fever（发烧）· have a cough（咳嗽）

·have a runny nose（流鼻涕）· get well soon（早日康复）

·a glass of water（一杯水）· live a healthy life（过健康生活）

·stay up late（熬夜）· make video calls（打视频电话）

▸ 4. 真题例句（小升初真题风格）

(真题改编·单项选择)— I have a bad cold. — I'm sorry to hear that. You ______ see a doctor.A. may   B. should   C. can答案：B。听到别人生病，应给"建议"，用 should（应该）；may 表推测、can 表能力，均不合语境。

▍ （二）单词应用（阅读/写作进阶用法 + 同根词转换）

▸ 1. 同根词与词性转换（写作加分关键）

▸ 2. 在阅读中的进阶用法

·unhappy / cry常出现在"情绪—原因—解决"类叙事语篇中，是推断题的题眼：看到 unhappy，后文多半给建议（think about happy things, make friends）。

·may在说明文中表"可能性"，常配合建议出现：If you sleep early, you may feel better.阅读中要能识别这是"推测+建议"结构。

▸ 3. 写作升级套用

低级表达：I am not happy. I want to cry.升级表达：I feel unhappy because my friend moved away, and I even want to cry.（用 feel + adj. + 原因从句，符合小升初高分句式）

▍ （三）专项练习 + 答案（共 12 题）

【A. 语境填词】根据句意和首字母写出单词（注意词形变化）。1. My little brother has a t__ because he ate too much ice cream.（toothache）2. You should drink a g_ of warm water every morning.（glass）3. We are going to d our healthy plan after class.（discuss）4. Too much sugar may cause（引起）i.（illness）5. After taking medicine, she felt b than yesterday.（better）6. He is u___ about the exam, so he should think about happy things.（unhappy）

【B. 词义辨析选择】7. — __ I use your pen? — Sure.A. May　B. Should　C. Must8. The _ boy stays in bed. （选可作定语的"生病的"）A. ill　B. sick　C. illness9. You  get well soon if you have a good rest.A. can　B. may　C. should10. We had a long ___ about how to keep fit.A. discuss　B. discussion　C. disease

【C. 单词变形填空】用括号内词的正确形式填空。11. __ (happy) is important for a healthy life.（提示：名词"幸福"）12. Don't be ____ (health). Eat more vegetables!（提示：反义形容词）

▍ （四）练习答案 + 详细解析

1.toothache— 吃太多冰淇淋导致"牙疼"，同类症状词，属身体部位+ache 构词法。考点拓展：ache 类词（headache/stomachache）都是 n.，常与 have 搭配。

2.glass— "一杯水" a glass of，单数。易错点：量词 glass 在 a…of 中用单数；复数 two glasses of 才加-es。

3.discuss— be going to 后接动词原形 discuss（讨论）。考点拓展：discuss 是动词，其名词形式是 discussion。

4.illness— 太多糖会引起"疾病"，需名词形式 illness。易错点：ill 是形容词，此处要名词，必须转换。

5.better— 吃药后比昨天"好转"，than 提示用比较级 better。考点拓展：better 是 good/well 的比较级，反义 worse。

6.unhappy— 因考试而"不快乐"，un- 反义前缀。易混词：happy→unhappy，注意拼写双写？不需要，直接加 un-。

7.A. May— 请求许可用 May I…? / Can I…?；should 表应该、must 表必须，不合"借笔"语境。得分技巧：许可题优先 may/can。

8.B. sick— 空格在名词 boy 前作定语，前置用 sick；ill 不能作定语。高频坑：这就是 sick/ill 辨析的核心。

9.B. may— "如果休息好，你也许会好"表推测用 may；can 表能力、should 表应该，此处是可能性。易错点：may 表推测是阅读推断题常客。

10.B. discussion— have a discussion（进行讨论）用名词；discuss 是动词不能直接放 a 后；disease 是"疾病"意思错。考点拓展：动词 discuss → 名词 discussion（去 s 加 sion）。

11.Happiness— 句首作主语需名词"幸福"，happy→happiness（y 变 i 加 ness），首字母大写。易错点：形容词不能直接作主语。

12.unhealthy— "别不健康，多吃蔬菜"，health 的形容词 healthy 加 un- 变反义。词形链：health(n.)→healthy(adj.)→unhealthy(adj.反义)。

三、重点短语学习・应用・专项练习+答案

▍ （一）短语学习

▸ 1. 核心短语 + 同义替换

▸ 2. 搭配规律（提分技巧）

·"have + a + 症状名词"是疾病表达黄金结构：have a cold / fever / cough / headache / toothache。

·"动词 + 名词"表动作：see a doctor / do exercise / join clubs / take care。

·"drink / eat + 形容词 + 名词"：drink enough water / eat healthy food。

▍ （二）短语应用（写作升级套用）

标注可替换的低级表达：- 低级：I play sports.→ 升级：I do exercise every day to keep fit.- 低级：I eat good food.→ 升级：I eat healthy food / have a healthy diet.- 低级：Don't go to bed late.→ 升级：Don't stay up late.- 低级：I talk with my friend on phone.→ 升级：We make video calls with friends.- 万能框架：To live a healthy life, we should… and we shouldn't…（建议类短文首句高频句型）

▍ （三）专项练习 + 答案（共 8 题）

【A. 短语辨析填空】从方框选短语：see a doctor / stay up late / do exercise / eat healthy food / get well soon1. You have a high fever. You must __.2. _ is bad for your health. Go to bed early.3. To be strong, we should  for an hour each day.4. Mum tells us to  and keep a balanced diet.5. I wrote a card: "I hope you ___ !"

【B. 语篇短语补全】阅读短文，填入恰当短语（每空一词组）。

To live a healthy life, we should (6) __ (吃健康食物) and (7) _ (做运动). We shouldn't (8) ___ (熬夜) because sleep is important.

▍ （四）练习答案 + 详细解析

13.see a doctor— 高烧必须"看医生"，should/must 后接动词原形。场景差异：see a doctor 用于生病就医；go to hospital 强调"去医院"这一动作。

14.Stay up late— 句首作主语用动名词/原形短语均可，此处泛指"熬夜"这件事；使用禁忌：late 绝不可写作 lately（lately=最近）。易错点：这是小升初改错题高频。

15.do exercise— 每天锻炼一小时变强壮；do exercise 泛指锻炼。同义替换：也可用 take exercise。

16.eat healthy food— 妈妈让"吃健康食物"并保持均衡饮食；升级可用 have a healthy diet。搭配规律：eat + adj. + food。

17.get well soon— 贺卡祝福"早日康复"，固定祝福语。场景：写给生病朋友，呼应单元 Take care and get well soon!

18.eat healthy food— 语篇中"吃健康食物"，与下句 do exercise 并列。使用禁忌：food 不可漏掉，否则 eat healthy 不完整。

19.do exercise— "做运动"，should 后原形。场景差异：校园语境也可 do sports。

20.stay up late— "熬夜"，shouldn't 后原形。易错点：late 拼写是本题唯一失分点。

四、重点句型学习・应用・专项练习+答案

▍ （一）句型学习（基础延伸 + 高级替换 + 万能框架）

句型 1：How do you feel? — I feel ill. My head hurts and I have a runny nose.- 高级替换：What's wrong with you? / What's the matter?（你怎么了？更书面）- 人称/时态变化：He feels ill. → They feel ill. → 一般现在时随主语变。- 万能框架：How do you feel? — I feel + adj. / 部位 + hurts / have a + 症状.

句型 2：I'm sorry to hear that. Maybe you should see a doctor.- 高级替换：I'm sorry to hear that. You had better see a doctor.（had better 比 should 更强烈）- 变式：I'm sorry to hear that. Why not see a doctor?（Why not + 动原，提建议高级句型）

句型 3：My mum is going to take me to hospital this afternoon.（be going to 表计划）- 人称变化：I am going to… / He is going to… / We are going to…- 高级替换：My mum will take me to hospital.（临时决定用 will，计划用 be going to）

句型 4：You should drink some water and have a rest.（should 建议）- 否定：You shouldn't stay up late.- 高级框架：First, you should… Second, you shouldn't… Finally, you need to…（建议信三段式）

句型 5：How can we live a healthy life? — We need to eat healthy food.- 高级替换：What can we do to live a healthy life?（更自然）

句型 6/7：Don't stay up late. / Have a healthy diet.（祈使句建议）- 得分点：建议类作文开头/每条建议用祈使句或 You should，条理清晰。

▍ （二）句型应用（应用文套用场景与得分点）

建议信模板（小升初高分框架）：

Dear __,I'm sorry to hear that you _ (疾病/情绪). Here is my advice. First, you should . Second, you shouldn't . You can also  to feel better. I hope you will  soon.Yours, ___

得分点：① 开头同情语 I'm sorry to hear that；② 用 First/Second 分条；③ should/shouldn't 并用；④ 结尾祝愿 get well soon。四要素齐全即一类文。

▍ （三）专项练习 + 答案（共 8 题）

【A. 高级句型转换】1. You should stay up late.（改为正确建议）→ You __ stay up late.2. My mum is going to take me to hospital.（改为一般疑问句）→ _ your mum  to take you to hospital?3. Why don't you drink some water?（同义替换，用 should）→ You  drink some water.4. I will see a doctor.（用 be going to 改写，表计划）→ I  ___ see a doctor.

【B. 完成句子】按中文提示补全。5. 你怎么了？我头疼。— __ _  with you? — I have a .6. 你最好早点睡。You   go to bed early.7. 我们怎样才能健康生活？ ___ we live a healthy life?

【C. 情景造句】8. 朋友感冒了，写一句话安慰并给建议（用 I'm sorry to hear that + should）。

▍ （四）练习答案 + 详细解析

21.shouldn't— 否定建议用 shouldn't；易错点：不可写 don't should。得分技巧：建议否定统一用 shouldn't + 动原。

22.Is; going— be going to 变疑问，is 提前，going 保留。考点：be going to 疑问句结构。

23.should— Why don't you…? = You should…? 同义替换，提建议。高级句型：Why not / Why don't you 是作文加分句。

24.am going to— 计划看医生用 be going to；I 配 am。易错点：will 与 be going to 不可混，计划优先 be going to。

25.What's wrong / headache— "你怎么了"书面用 What's wrong with you?；头疼 have a headache。替换：也可用 What's the matter?

26.had better— "最好"用 had better + 动原，比 should 语气强。易错点：better 前是 had 不是 have。

27.How can— 问方式"怎样"用 How can we…?考点：How can 引导建议问答。

28.参考：I'm sorry to hear that you have a bad cold. Maybe you should see a doctor and drink enough water.（得分点：同情语 + should 建议 + 具体做法，三要素齐全即得满分。）

五、课文原文精讲・配套练习+答案

▍ （一）Part A 主对话原文（教材 Let's talk）

Binbin: Hi, Mike. It's Binbin. I'm going to the science museum tomorrow. Are you coming?Mike: I'm afraid not, Binbin. I have a bad cold.Binbin: Oh dear! How do you feel?Mike:① I feel ill. My head hurts and I have a runny nose.Binbin: I'm sorry to hear that. ② Maybe you should see a doctor.Mike: I know. ③ My mum is going to take me to hospital this afternoon.Binbin: That's good. Take care and get well soon!Mike: Thanks.

▍ （二）Part B 拓展阅读原文（教材要点整合）

Group discussion — What is a healthy lifestyle?We should have a healthy diet and eat healthy food. We need to drink enough water every day. After school we do exercise and join clubs. We shouldn't stay up late; early sleep is good for us. When we feel unhappy, we think about happy things, make video calls with friends, or make another friend. A healthy life means both a strong body and a happy mind.

▍ （三）深度精讲

语篇结构（阅读技巧）：Part A 是"邀请→拒绝(疾病)→询问→描述症状→同情+建议→计划就医→祝福"的线性叙事；Part B 是"总—分—总"的说明结构（先问健康生活，再分点建议，最后升华身心皆健康）。

长难句拆解：- ① I feel ill. My head hurts and I have a runny nose. = 感受(ill) + 部位疼痛(head hurts) + 症状(have a runny nose) 三要素并列，是小升初"描述病情"标准句式。- ② Maybe you should see a doctor. = Maybe（缓和语气）+ should（建议情态动词）+ 动原。阅读中 see a doctor 是"解决动作"，常对应推断题"他应该怎么做"。- ③ My mum is going to take me to hospital this afternoon. = be going to 表"已计划的事"，时间状语 this afternoon 置后。

写作手法：对话用直接引语推动情节；建议部分用 should / need to / don't 形成排比建议，作文可直接借用此结构。

关联小升初阅读技巧：遇到"生病—建议"类文章，先圈症状词(cold/fever/cough)，再找建议词(should/see a doctor)，细节题基本在此两处出题；推断题看首尾句态度。

▍ （四）配套练习：同主题小升初拓展阅读 + 阅读理解

【拓展阅读】（约 150 词）

Tom's Healthy WeekTom was often ill last year. He had a bad cold every winter and felt unhappy at school. His mother said, "You should change your habits." So Tom made a plan. ① First, he is going to do exercise for 30 minutes every morning. ② Second, he eats healthy food and drinks enough water. He never stays up late now. ③ When he feels unhappy, he thinks about happy things and makes video calls with his cousin Lucy. ④ At weekends, he joins the school football club. Now Tom is stronger and seldom gets a cold. His teacher says a healthy life needs both good habits and a happy mind. Tom hopes his friends can live a healthy life too.

【阅读理解 5–6 题】1. Why was Tom often ill last year?（细节题）A. He did too much exercise.  B. He had bad habits.  C. He ate too much healthy food.2. What is Tom going to do every morning?（细节题）A. Stay up late.  B. Do exercise for 30 minutes.  C. Make video calls.3. How does Tom feel when he is unhappy now?（细节/推断）A. He cries all day.  B. He thinks about happy things and calls Lucy.  C. He eats junk food.4. The word "seldom" in the text means __.（词义猜测）A. often  B. not often  C. always5. What is the best title（标题）for the passage?（主旨题）A. Tom's Football Club  B. Tom's Healthy Week  C. How to Cook Healthy Food6. From the last sentence, we can infer（推断）Tom thinks ____.（推断题）A. only food matters  B. healthy life needs habits and happiness  C. exercise is useless

▍ （五）阅读答案 + 原文定位 + 解题方法

29.B— 原文 His mother said, "You should change your habits."说明去年习惯差。方法：细节题定位 habits / ill 词。

30.B— 原文 he is going to do exercise for 30 minutes every morning.方法：题干 every morning 直接对应。

31.B— 原文 When he feels unhappy, he thinks about happy things and makes video calls with his cousin Lucy.方法：when 引导条件句即答案句。

32.B— seldom = 很少、不常；前文 now stronger 提示生病少了。方法：词义猜测看语境对比（stronger vs often ill）。

33.B— 全文讲 Tom 健康生活的一周，首句与尾句呼应标题。方法：主旨题看首段+尾段。

34.B— 末句 a healthy life needs both good habits and a happy mind直接说明。方法：推断题找作者/人物明确结论句，勿主观加戏。

六、单元语法小结・专项练习+答案

▍ （一）语法系统梳理

1. 一般现在时（描述状态/感受）- 结构：I/You/We/They + 动原；He/She/It + 动单三。- 用例：I feel ill. My head hurts.（hurt→hurts 三单）

2. be going to（表计划/打算）- 结构：am/is/are + going to + 动原。- 用例：My mum is going to take me to hospital.

3. should / need to（提建议 / 表需要）- 结构：should + 动原；shouldn't + 动原；need to + 动原。- 用例：You should see a doctor. We need to eat healthy food.

▍ （二）小升初高频考点 / 命题规律 / 易错陷阱

·命题规律：单选必考 should 后接原形、be going to 疑问句；完形常考"建议"逻辑衔接词。

·易错陷阱：① should 后加 to ❌；② be going to 与 will 混用；③ 三单忘记加 -s（hurts）；④ sick/ill 位置错。

▍ （三）易混淆规则对比表（背下来）

▍ （四）避坑技巧

·"建议三兄弟"记忆法：should（应该）/ shouldn't（不应该）/ Why not（何不）→ 后都接动原。

·be going to 口诀："计划打算 going to，is am are 不能丢"。

·三单陷阱：feel→feels, hurt→hurts, have→has，主语是 he/she/it 必变。

▍ （五）专项练习 + 答案（语篇型语法填空，共 10 题）

Health Plan 填空（阅读短文，用所给词的正确形式/恰当情态动词填空）I (1) __ (be) going to live a healthy life. I (2) _ (eat) healthy food and drink enough water. When I (3)  (feel) ill, my head (4)  (hurt). I (5)  (should / see) a doctor. My mum (6)  (take) me to hospital this afternoon. We (7)  (need / sleep) early and (8)  (not stay) up late. You (9)  (can / call) me on video. I hope you (10) ___ (get) well soon!

▍ （六）练习答案 + 解析（标注考察频率）

35.am— be going to，I 配 am。★高频

36.eat— 一般现在时，I 用动原。★高频

37.feel— 一般现在时，I 用动原。★中

38.hurts— 三单！head 是单数，hurt→hurts。★高频（易错）

39.should see— should + 动原提建议。★高频

40.is going to take— be going to 表计划，mum 单数用 is。★高频

41.need to sleep— need to + 动原。★中

42.don't stay / shouldn't stay— 否定"不熬夜"，don't stay up late 或 shouldn't stay up late 均可。★中

43.can call— can + 动原表"可以"。★中

44.get / will get—  hope 后接现一表将来，或 will get；get well soon 固定。★中

七、单元主题文章仿写

▍ （一）小升初标准范文（约 95 词 · 建议类短文）

How to Keep Healthy

Keeping healthy is important for every student. First, we should eat healthy food and drink enough water every day. Second, we need to do exercise for about an hour. It makes us strong. Third, we shouldn't stay up late, because good sleep helps our body. When we feel unhappy, we can think about happy things or make video calls with friends. We can also join clubs to make new friends. In a word, a healthy life needs both a strong body and a happy mind. I hope everyone can live a healthy life and get well soon when they are ill.

写作逻辑拆解：- 开头点题：Keeping healthy is important…（亮明观点）- 分条建议：First / Second / Third 用 should / need to / shouldn't 形成排比（高分结构）- 心理维度：When we feel unhappy… 补充心理健康，体现"身心皆健康"升华- 结尾总结：In a word… + I hope… 祝愿式收尾

高分表达清单：keep healthy（比 be healthy 书面）· need to · shouldn't · In a word（总结连词，加分）· both…and…

可复用框架：

__ is important. First, we should _. Second, we need to . Third, we shouldn't . When we feel , we can . In a word, . I hope ___.

▍ （二）半开放仿写任务（独立完成段落）

主题：以My Healthy Day（我健康的一天）为题，写一篇 80–100 词的小短文。要求：1. 用一般现在时描写你一天的健康习惯（饮食、运动、睡眠、心情）；2. 至少用到 3 个单元短语（如 eat healthy food / do exercise / don't stay up late）；3. 用到 1 个建议句型（should / shouldn't / need to）；4. 结尾写一句祝愿或感受。

（请独立完成，参考上文框架，不提供范文答案，培养迁移能力。）

▍ （三）评分参考标准（小升初一类文）

八、结尾与答案解析汇总

▍ （一）同主题拓展素材推荐

推荐阅读绘本/短文：《Healthy Habits for Kids》或新闻少儿版专栏"How to live a healthy life"。重点积累：balanced diet（均衡饮食）、wash hands often（勤洗手）、regular sleep（规律睡眠）等升级词汇，可直接替换本单元基础表达，写作再上一个档次。

▍ （二）全文练习答案汇总（集中版）

【模块二单词 12 题】1. toothache　2. glass　3. discuss　4. illness　5. better　6. unhappy　7. A(May)　8. B(sick)　9. B(may)　10. B(discussion)　11. Happiness　12. unhealthy

【模块三短语 8 题】1. see a doctor　2. Stay up late　3. do exercise　4. eat healthy food　5. get well soon　6. eat healthy food　7. do exercise　8. stay up late

【模块四句型 8 题】1. shouldn't　2. Is; going　3. should　4. am going to　5. What's wrong; headache　6. had better　7. How can　8. 参考句见解析（同情语+should+具体做法）

【模块五课文阅读 6 题】1. B　2. B　3. B　4. B　5. B　6. B

【模块六语法 10 题】1. am　2. eat　3. feel　4. hurts　5. should see　6. is going to take　7. need to sleep　8. don't stay / shouldn't stay　9. can call　10. get / will get

▍ （三）错题笔记· 互动打卡话术

📒 本期易错 TOP3：① sick/ill 前置只能用 sick；② should 后必须动原（禁 to）；③ stay up late不是 lately。

如果这篇培优拓展帮到了你，欢迎点赞❤、收藏⭐、转发给同学一起冲小升初

##小学英语##六年级英语