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人教版2019高中生物教材植物(06)——葫芦藓

2026-04-04 09:20:30

人教版2019高中生物教材植物(06)——葫芦藓

葫芦藓（Funaria hygrometrica）

分类地位：藓类植物门→真藓纲→葫芦藓目→葫芦藓科→葫芦藓属

形态特征：小型土生藓类，植株矮小，高约1~3厘米，有茎、叶的初步分化；茎短小直立，基部生有假根（无维管组织，仅起固着作用），叶呈卵形或舌形，螺旋状排列于茎上部，叶片薄，仅由一层细胞构成，无叶脉，无真正的根、输导组织。

生理特征：无输导组织，植株矮小，对二氧化硫等有害气体极为敏感，可作为空气污染指示植物。

生活习性：阴湿的林下、墙脚、土坡、庭院等富含有机质的湿润环境。

分布：温带、亚热带地区广泛分布。

用途：指示植物、水土的守护者、为生态系统的基石

教材页码：必修1 P10、选必2 P40

高频考点：植物进化地位、环境污染监测、群落演替

考试省份：全国卷、湖南、湖北、山东（2015-2025）

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