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细读人教版高中化学课本(11)

  • 2026-06-23 18:03:04
细读人教版高中化学课本(11)
11 必修第二册 第7章第1、2节
1.P69正文
这里已经明确“有机化合物都含有碳元素”，所以如果是选择题中遇到这一选项，应判定为正确。
ps：有的题目会出现“肼（N2H4）”这种物质，这不影响“有机化合物都含有碳元素”这句话的正确性。
另外可见：划分饱和与不饱和，是看碳原子的价键是否被饱和。对于烃，由于烃只含碳元素和氢元素，所以是看碳原子的价键有没有被氢原子全部饱和；如果是卤代烃或者烃的含氧衍生物等等，那就是看碳原子的价键是否被其他原子饱和。总之道理是相通的。
ps：关于什么是饱和（saturated）与不饱和（unsaturated），可以结合它们的英文理解。
2.P64正文
利用这个“通常情况下”的特点，可以用高锰酸钾溶液区分烷烃和烯烃
3.P64实验和正文
这里注意两点：一是使用排水法时排的是饱和氯化钠溶液，二是无光照时甲烷与氯气不反应。
4.P65正文
注意这三种物质的沸点大小关系，随着Cl原子增加，沸点逐渐升高。
ps：除了氯仿和四氯化碳外，二氯甲烷也可以作为有机溶剂。我做毕设时经常使用二氯甲烷，它可以透过丁腈手套，隔着手套也会有种冰凉的感觉，冰凉过后手指会有灼烧感……
5.P68正文
关于加成反应的定义，需要注意的是：不饱和碳原子与其他原子或原子团直接结合。
丙烯（CH3─CH=CH2）发生反应生成CH2Cl─CH=CH2，这里Cl原子是与原甲基的饱和碳原子相连，而非与不饱和碳原子相连，所以此时发生的是取代反应。
所以辨别一个反应是取代反应还是加成反应，可以看新来的原子（团）加在了什么位置——加在了饱和碳原子上，还是不饱和碳原子上。
6.P71拓展栏目
这里注意，苯有香味，含有苯环结构的有机物则不一定有香味。
7.P72表格
表格中列出了几种常见的塑料，其中无毒的是聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯，这三种物质名称的缩写都是P+一个字母。
8.P74-75正文
关于再生纤维和合成纤维的生产方式
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  138. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/c.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-template/src/template/contract/DriverInterface.php ( 0.86 KB )
  139. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/c.sjds.net/runtime/temp/4b635f01740da80a68ecf76597ee81b6.php ( 12.06 KB )
  140. /yingpanguazai/ssd/ssd1/www/c.sjds.net/vendor/topthink/think-trace/src/Html.php ( 4.42 KB )
  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000834s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=c_sjds;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.001328s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.000728s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.005458s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.001383s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.002336s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.001450s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 468985 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.001475s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1782210308 WHERE `id` = 468985 [ RunTime:0.035738s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 66 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.003571s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 468985 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.020512s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 468985 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.027666s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 468985 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.108822s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 468985 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.002158s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 468985 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.032435s ]
0.414077s