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牛津国际小学教材中的“中国商朝”

  • 2026-04-07 11:07:52
牛津国际小学教材中的“中国商朝”
今天整理孩子的书，看到3年级时的历史书，里面是这样介绍中国的商朝的。
商朝始于公元前1600年左右。考古学家发现了这一时期许多城市的遗迹。商朝的第一位君主是成汤。
地图标注：商朝文明以中国部分地区的黄河流域为中心。
这张图表展示了“人类早期文明始于人们开始使用青铜之时”。但是，我对这张图表是有异议的。“中华文明5000年”是我们从小就根深蒂固的观念，从传说中的炎黄时代（约公元前26-27世纪）开始，以《史记》所载黄帝时期作为开端。中华文明探源工程认为，距今约5500年前中华文明开始起源，距今5000年前后长江流域、黄河流域均出现明显的国家雏形，其中浙江余杭良渚遗址（约5000年前）的王陵、高等级礼器、大型水利工程等，证明了中华五千年文明的真实性。
后来我又查了一下资料，原来，还有“9000年文明说”（基于贾湖遗址）和“3700年信史说”（以商朝甲骨文为界）等不同维度的学术探讨。显然，这本教材采用了后者。也许我对历史考古的这些学说了解不准，但是我还是觉得有必要让孩子知道“对于早期人类文明是有三种不同学说存在”。毕竟了解历史争论有助于理性认识自身文化与身份认同，并在对比与反思中不断完善。这对身在海外的中国学子非常重要。
3年级的小孩，也就7、8岁的样子，这本教材并没有对商朝历史进行更多的介绍，但是它留下的作业和挑战很有意思。
作业1:小组合作制作完成演示文稿。简要解释早期文明是如何以及为什么发展起来的。
作业2:利用时间轴和你的数学技能，计算出每个文明持续了多长时间。
可以看出，这份作业的确是“注重团队协作，成果形式多样，强调自主发现解决问题”的真实样本。我记得“数轴”这个概念是初中一年级才学的，现在的小学生虽然不知道什么是“数轴”但是，这个图表他们却是能看懂的。所以与我们惯有的“先概念定理，再针对练习”的学习路径不同，国际学校更善于使用这种“在行动中学习“的方法，让学生们带着问题学习，通过思辨寻找解决路径。
挑战：研究最早文明所在地区的气候。气候如何影响人们的衣着和食物。
红色的“挑战”部分是可选作业，根据自身情况来决定做不做。说实话，这部分的作业，就是给一个初中学生来做，也是有些难度的。但是这本教材让我看到了国际教育和体制内教育的不同之处。但不管是哪种，都各有所长。
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  1. CONNECT:[ UseTime:0.000412s ] mysql:host=127.0.0.1;port=3306;dbname=c_sjds;charset=utf8mb4
  2. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `fenlei` [ RunTime:0.000567s ]
  3. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 0 [ RunTime:0.003464s ]
  4. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `fid` = 63 [ RunTime:0.001094s ]
  5. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.000652s ]
  6. SELECT * FROM `set` [ RunTime:0.002938s ]
  7. SHOW FULL COLUMNS FROM `article` [ RunTime:0.000587s ]
  8. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` = 460069 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000431s ]
  9. UPDATE `article` SET `lasttime` = 1775607668 WHERE `id` = 460069 [ RunTime:0.005801s ]
  10. SELECT * FROM `fenlei` WHERE `id` = 64 LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000294s ]
  11. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 460069 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000465s ]
  12. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` > 460069 ORDER BY `id` ASC LIMIT 1 [ RunTime:0.000413s ]
  13. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 460069 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10 [ RunTime:0.000933s ]
  14. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 460069 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 10,10 [ RunTime:0.008725s ]
  15. SELECT * FROM `article` WHERE `id` < 460069 ORDER BY `id` DESC LIMIT 20,10 [ RunTime:0.004703s ]
0.104615s